In Greek, there is the word "scolios", which translates to "bend".With this word, the doctor indicates the curvature of the spine.Furthermore, not all curvatures, i.e., lateral deviations of the vertical axis of the spine.The truth is, usually our spine is not even perfect.Lordoses and Kyphosis available front and back protects our spine from excessive loads while keeping the body in position while moving and carrying weight.The negative processes in our bodies only develop when these expressions of K Is and Jehovah exceed the permitted norms.
Main issues
However, even a small part of the spine’s lateral flexion (scoliosis) is always a pathology.This is not only in cosmetic defects.Despite the characteristic rejection appearance of obvious or progressive scoliosis, it is always a tragedy for someone who is trying to live a high-quality fulfilling life.This is especially true for young boys and girls.Indeed, it is during childhood and adolescence (up to 15 to 16 years) that most scoliosis is diagnosed.
The main problem is that due to the changes in the configuration and volume of the chest, the lateral curvature of the chest is obvious, and internal organs will always suffer (heart, lung, stomach, liver, liver, intestine, large blood vessels).In men, tolerance for physical fatigue is reduced, and women have problems with conception, pregnancy and fertility.Furthermore, transverse deformation of the spine is usually just the surface part of the iceberg, which is a more serious pathology - tumors, tuberculosis, endocrine disease.
reason
So why is the spine deformed?Before answering the question, you should decide on the type of scoliosis.The core of scoliosis can be structural or unstructured.Structural scoliosis occurs due to the structure of the vertebrae bone tissue structure and the structure of nearby muscles, nerves and ligaments.Such curvature and congenitality can be obtained, with approximately one-quarter of the scoliosis diagnosed as accounting for the latter.
Among one of the main reasons for the development of structural scoliosis, they distinguish:
- Intrauterine masts lead to dysplasia of one or more vertebrae
- Congenital thoracic dysplasia - lack of ribs, extra ribs
- Congenital pathology of connective tissues - neurofibromatosis, Marfan syndrome
- Brain failure caused by cerebral palsy (cerebral palsy) in children leads to innervation of certain parts of the spine
- Osteoporosis of the spine (bone - depth), parathyroid disease, food deficiency calcium intake
- Osteomyelitis of the vertebrae
- Dystrophic changes in the cervical spine, thoracic cavity and waist muscles
- Tuberculosis damages vertebrae
- Spine injury
- Tumors of the spine.
As shown below, nonstructural scoliosis is a lateral deviation of the spinal axis, and the structure of its vertebrae remains unchanged.Typically, such scoliosis is usually a case where the bending is essentially compensated with congenital anatomical defects or lower limbs.The causes of this scoliosis are usually:
- Pelvic injuries and lower limbs
- Congenital defects in the pelvis and lower limbs
- Constantly inappropriate posture among primary school students
- Visceral disease with asymmetrical expression of pain syndrome
- Muscle inflammation (creatine)
- Burns, soft fabric scars on one side.
In these cases, in order to eliminate the curvature of the spine, it is sufficient to cure the underlying disease, so many nonstructural scoliosis are easily reversible.In this regard, some doctors generally do not consider non-structural deformation of scoliosis.
Recently, unexplained cases of scoliosis have become more frequent.This is so called idiopathic scoliosis.It occurs during youth, during rapid body growth.In addition, girls suffer from idiopathic scoliosis more than young people.Apparently, this is due to the relatively weak muscles in the female back, which cannot enclose the spine in a complete muscle frame.An imbalanced diet with low calcium salts, the last role played by the general enthusiasm for young people with carbonated beverages in the development of idiopathic scoliosis is not the final role.As you know, the carbon dioxide in the bubbles and the orthophosphoric acid in the synthetic inclusions help to leach calcium salts from the body.
Breeds and degrees
Depending on the positioning, scoliosis can be a cervical spine, chest, lumbar spine or a mixture (cervical spine, lumbar spine).It is possible to have one or more arcs of curvature.In this regard, C-shaped scoliosis (with 1 arc), S-shaped (with 2 arcs) and Z-shaped (with 3 arcs).The presence of 2 or 3 arcs is compensatory.The axis deviation of the spine compared to C-shaped scoliosis.To compensate for this, the spine bends in the opposite direction.In this regard, scoliosis is divided into compensation and unpaid.In the compensated spinal curvature, the vertical line lowered from the seventh cervical vertebra passes through the folds between the hips.
The curvature of the spine is usually combined.For example, in the chest area, pathological meningopathy, or mere hump, is also recorded in addition to transverse curvature.In these cases, talk about chest concussion.In addition to the lateral displacement of the vertebrae, a large number of scoliosis were also recorded.In a literal translation, this means distortion.In fact, in many cases of scoliosis, vertebrae tissue is twisted along the vertical axis.
According to the angle of the arc of curvature, scoliosis of 4 degrees is distinguished:
- 1 degree- The curvature angle does not exceed 10 degrees.In fact, there is no eye asymmetry.Bending over, the unequal level of shoulder straps caught people's attention.
- 2 degrees- The curvature angle is 11 to 25 degrees.In this regard, vertebrae have been noted.The asymmetry between the shoulder strap and the pelvis is visible in the eyes.Due to pathological muscle tension, muscle rollers are formed in the concave waist and chest areas and formed on the convex side.
- 3 degrees- WRTIFICATION is 26 to 50 degrees.Visible deformation of the chest - the western part of the intercostal space C of the curved concave surface and the raised bulge.The weakening of abdominal pressure and the formation of internal hump.
- 4 degrees- Curvature i exceeds 50 degrees.Expressed cosmetic defects and all previous signs.Even low tolerance for small body strength.In addition to the musculoskeletal system, internal organs suffer.
Angle may depend on the position of the body, and stable and unstable scoliosis is distinguishable.Due to unstable scoliosis, it drops in the recliner position when the load on the spine decreases.The stable curvature of the spine, this value remains unchanged.
symptom
Recently, orthopedics have frequently used the term "spine-induced disease".They indicate a complex of negative changes that occur in the body during spinal bending.Typically, scoliosis develops during childhood and adolescence during the formation of the musculoskeletal system.Currently, scoliosis will progress very well.
Obviously, the intervertebral disc plays an important role in increasing the curvature angle.With lateral displacement, the disk experiences pressure of vertebral inequality.On the concave surface, this pressure is greater and there is less convexity.Therefore, the disc is more worn out from scoliosis, pathological muscle tension (muscular rollers) and torsion of the vertebrae - all of which lead to the appearance of disc hernia and further increase in curve angles.
The chest and spine are accompanied by spinal diseases, followed by changes.The rib hump formed what So called - on the convex surface of curvature, the intercostal space expands and extends from the concave surface - instead, they are sown.Since scoliosis is the fourth degree, the deformation of the chest is so obvious that the lower rib on the side of the curvature comes into contact with the rowing of the Ilyasian bone.
Due to severe deformation of the chest, it is difficult to conduct a comprehensive tour during breathing.As a result, bodies with severe scoliosis do not receive the required amount of oxygen-SO known as chronic hypoxic disease can violate all metabolic processes in the body.Changes in the internal volume and shape of the chest cavity exacerbate the pathology.Therefore, blood circulation through the blood vessels is disturbed, lungs suffer, heart shape changes, and chronic cardiovascular failure develops.
Similar changes occurred in the abdominal organs of the waist and lumbar scoliosis.The digestive glands are subsequently inadequate, and motorcycles in the stomach and intestines will decrease.All of this will only exacerbate metabolic disorders.These violations often lead to sexual behavior in boys and girls.In addition, the pelvis is bending for the second time due to lumbar scoliosis.This brings problems with pregnancy and fertility for future mothers.
diagnosis
The diagnosis of scoliosis, especially large diagnosis, is not difficult.To detect deformation of the spine, common visual examinations are usually sufficient.The visible curvature of the spinal profile, the asymmetry of the shoulder straps, the angle of the shoulder blades, the secondary curvature of the pelvis, and the shortening of the lower limbs on the lateral curvature.
In the presence of at least these symbols, a radiograph indicating the spine is shown.X-rays determine the configuration, degree and positioning of curvature.In examinations and radiological examinations, it is possible to determine whether scoliosis is compensatory and stable.Recently, a qualitative approach to spine-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has spread, during which three-dimensional images of the spine can be obtained on monitor screens.With obvious curvature, it is necessary to study internal organ work - perform vital capacity, electrocardiogram, and perform ultrasound examinations of the heart and internal organs.
treat
Treatment of scoliosis can be performed conservatively and quickly.Conservative approaches include medication, massage, physical therapy procedures and manual treatment.It should be kept in mind that the final formation of the spine as of 20 years old, after this age, correction of curvature is almost impossible.Scoliosis is 1-2 degrees, an effort aimed at achieving the initial configuration of the spine.Since the obvious scoliosis is 3-4 degrees, this is not possible, the main purpose here is to stabilize the spine and prevent the progression of scoliosis.
Drugs for scoliosis treatment (cartilage protectors, vitamins, general strengthening drugs) only play an auxiliary role.To strengthen muscles, eliminate muscle rolls, even stabilize the spine with the help of massage and manual treatment.Physical therapy exercises give good results.But here, due to insufficient body, the instability of the spine is enhanced and scoliosis progresses.Therefore, a set of exercises was developed for each patient, considering the localization and severity of curvature.Scoliosis, running, strength training, jumping, outdoor games are taboos.
A very good result can be corrected by position - creating the best posture, which helps normalize the posture.To this end, special equipment was used where young patients spent a large portion of their orthopedic cribs.With the ineffectiveness of conservative measures, curvature progresses, surgical treatment aimed at stabilizing the spine.No surgical correction was shown during young children, and it was performed during puberty when the formation of the spine was almost completed.