Why knee injury: What to do

Knee pain is a wide range of symptoms, signaling pain in the body - the occurrence of joint disease or only increase leg load.

It is hard to find someone who has never suffered pain in his knees in his life.Knee discomfort, clicking or pain occurs in adults and children for many reasons.The older a person is, the more likely he is to have various diseases, and the first sign is knee pain.This is due to the human body's age characteristics: slowing down the metabolic process, wear of articular cartilage tissue, and other problems with the musculoskeletal system, blood vessels, and nerve connections.

Due to the complex anatomy, many structures and heavy loads and frequent overloads, the knee joint is very fragile.Any element that damages the structure, such as a slip bag, can lead to violations of knee motor function and pain syndrome.Ligaments and meniscus are considered the most vulnerable, injured in 80-85% of cases.

Anatomy of the knee

The knee consists of the knee joint, the distal end of the femur, with two tumors and jackets, a tibial tubular bone, muscles, nerves, blood vessels, ligaments, a the bone (knee cup), joint bags and bent bread.

The knee joint is one of the large joints of the human body.The femur approached him from above.Its lateral (external) and medial (internal) con articular surfaces are expressed with the bone and tibia.Meniski is connective tissue cartilage and a shock absorber for joints.Thanks to them, a reasonable distribution of human weight on the tiger plateau will occur, and the stability of joints will increase.Subtle, double-headed, semi-back and other muscle synchronized capsule structures to ensure movement and activity in the knee joint.

The elements of the knee are interconnected with many ligaments.There are two cross-shaped ligaments inside the joint - posterior and anterior.Hobby bones are connected to fibers with ligaments and tibial bones.The inclination of the poplar ligament is located on the back of the knee capsule.The main burses, which do not communicate with joints, are different from many joint cavity.The blood supply of the knee element is carried out by a noble network of blood vessels, and nerve fibers are carried out by nerve fibers.

Causes of knee pain

There are many reasons for the pain in the knee joint and it can be conditionally divided into several groups.

Traumatic lesions of knee elements:

1. The bitterness of the knee.Due to the vascular gap, local bleeding occurs in the soft tissue of the joint.Redness, swelling, damage to the nerve ends can cause pain and difficulty in exercise.
2. Total or partial ligament rupture.The part that is often diagnosed as a part that is caused by excessive distortion of the lower leg violates the integrity of the medial ligament.

The frequency of rupture of the outer ligament is less than that of the internal one.For example, this is due to a strong deviation inward of the lower leg, for example, when turning the leg.Cracks of the cruciate ligament are inevitably accompanied by hematoma.

Complete rupture of both ligaments is usually combined with damage to the joint bag, tearing the inner bent plate.This injury results in excess mobility of the knee joint and is accompanied by severe pain, and its intensity depends on the degree of gap.

1. Hematoma in the knee joint- Pour blood into the joint cavity.There is a traumatic and inhuman nature.Meniscus rupture, complete or incomplete rupture of ligaments, intra-articular fractures, and bruises in the knee area were observed.Non-human selection is one of the symptoms of the disease, characterized by transient transientity of the blood vessel wall or symptoms that violate the blood clotting system.These include hemophilia, scurvy, severe forms of hemorrhagic qualities.Blood compresses tissue that accumulates in the joint cavity, destroying their blood circulation.A special pigment - hematite - negatively affects ligaments, clear cartilage, and slippery bags, resulting in loss of its elasticity.The result of joint tumor lesions is her villus swelling and increased production of joint fluid.The result of repeated bleeding is malnutrition and destruction of the joints.
2. Knee meniscus- Violation of the integrity of the knee meniscus.In the outer form, the outer curved plate is damaged, inside-interior.This is one of the most common but difficult to diagnose knee damage.In the risk area of disease, not only athletes participating in intensive training, but ordinary people are also people.The rupture of the meniscus may come from a sharp abnormal movement when turning the body, turning the legs, causing a strong blow to the knee.
3. Knee cup dislocation- Pathological displacement of the disease.Trauma was diagnosed no more than 0.7% of the total number of dislocations.More common are external dislocations, less - interior, few - vertical or twisted.Due to incomplete dislocation, the knee cup is determined on the side (outer) con and all is determined from the outside from the side con from the outside.
4. Closed or open cracks in the knee joint, the upper part of the bones of the lower leg, or the upper part of the lower spine. This injury is often combined with damage to the soft tissue of the knee, resulting in massive bleeding, excessive mobility of the knee area, and its deformation.

Inflammation and degenerative diseases of knee joint elements:

1. arthritis- Inflammation damage to the knee joint.Similar mechanisms of pathological development were observed through osteoarthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout (depositing urea into joints).
2. Osteoarthritis (lymph nodes)As knee joints of non-inflammatory properties fail, they affect all their structures and lead to severe degenerative changes.
3. CystitisAs synovial inflammation is inflamed, Bursa causes pain in bending and extending knee movement.
4. Peripheral tendons of the knee joint- Inflammation of claws, knee tendons, and muscles and ligaments around joints.In this case, the pain occurs primarily during the descent on the stairs, especially heavy loads, and is concentrated on the inner surface of the knee.
5. The bone cartilage disease- Informal changes in the joint (posterior) cartilage of the bone.The degree of damage may vary: from areas where light softened to cracks and complete wear.

6. Cartilage Disease- Severe chronic disease caused by dysplasia, islet degeneration in the part of the articular membrane in the cartilage cartilage.Ossification of individual cartilage bodies is not ruled out.
7. Baker's cyst- Dense elastic circular tumor formation in the popliteal fossa located on the other side of the bone.The cyst is clearly visible when the knee is exposed.Causes discomfort, pain in popliteal area.It has a large size that can squeeze blood vessels and nerves, resulting in damage to nerves and blood circulation.
8. Goff disease- A disease that is accompanied by damage to fat tissue around the knee joint and further degeneration.Clamping, edema and other damage to adipocytes - adipocytes - replaced with dense fibrous tissue.As a result, the cushioning function of the "fat pillow" is destroyed, and the adipose tissue itself cannot function as a shock absorber.
9. OSGUD - SWERTER Disease- A pathology characterized by partial murder of bed bugs on the tibia.Adolescents aged 10 to 18 are diagnosed with exercise.In the absence of treatment, painful bulges appear under the bone, resulting in restriction or complete fixation of the legs, and muscle atrophy.

Irradiated diseases of knee pain are possible:

1. Hip gel- Chronic damage to the hip joint, accompanied by progressive degeneration and malnutrition changes.Usually, pain spreads from the outer surface of the thigh to the knee or below.
2. Conductive neuropathy- Non-inflammatory damage to the nerves due to vascular compression or spasm.This nerve extends to the foot, starts from the lower back, and then passes through the tailbone and pelvis.Any little blockage length can lead to impaired sensitivity or pulsational pain.
3. Fibromyalgia- External damage to soft tissues of non-inflammatory properties and combined with symptoms such as joint pain, muscle weakness, depression, etc.

Some systemic diseases cause knee pain:

1. Osteoporosis- Long-term progressive bone system disease, changing mineral composition and bone density.The "leaching" of calcium in the bones leads to their vulnerability.The process is accompanied by smoke or pain in the limbs.
2. Skeletal tuberculosis.Tuberculosis lesions in the bone site can cause persistent severe pain.
3. osteomyelitis- A disease of infectious and inflammatory nature that affects all structural elements of the bone.Specific results, such as tuberculosis and nonspecific, more common osteomyelitis, are hyperemia of the skin, edema, local acute pain in the bones and muscles, and high temperatures.
4. Some infectious diseases.For Rey's syndrome, in addition to involving the urogenital tract and ocular mucosa, the joints are also affected.One of the symptoms of Lyme disease is joint pain.

Types of knee pain

The nature and intensity of the pain may vary depending on the cause.

• sore.Arthritis, osteoarthritis.
• Acute, strong.Fractures of knee elements, rupture of ligaments, acute bruises, bruises of knees, intensification of venereal disease, deformed osteoarthritis.
• pulsation.Meniscus damage by firing deformed joint deformities.
• drilling.osteomyelitis.
• Dumb.Chronic osteochondritis is useful.
• combustion.As the sciatic nerve compresses, the tuberculosis process in the bones.
• shooting.When pinching the nerves of the torso.
• Pain while walking.Cysts with bakers, bucks, arthritis, companion, around.
• Only pain.Gout, arthritis.

Pathological diagnosis of knee pain

Physical examination:

• Collect blood dissolution and complaints;
• Visual examination of knee palpation.

Laboratory research:

• Biochemical and clinical blood tests;
• Serological blood test;
• Immune blood test;
• rheumatism test;
• Bacteriological analysis of synovial fluid.

Invasive tooling method:

• Arthroscopy;
• puncture of joint bags;
• Bone biopsy.

Non-invasive tool diagnosis:

• X-rays of the knee joint;
• optical density method;
• Ultrasound joint research;
• MRI or CT.

Treatment of knee pain

If the non-human nature of the event is a pain in one or both knees, you should first turn to the therapist, and based on the patient's complaints and the results of objective examinations, they will turn directly to a narrow specialist - an orthopedic, rheumatologist, wanderer scientist or neurologist.If you have an injury, you need to contact your surgeon or orthopedic trauma.

In each case, treatment is different, depending on the cause of the pain, i.e. the type of injury or disease.Each disease has its own treatment plan.But first, patients must observe several general rules:

• Greatly reduce hiking duration and keep legs during the day;
• Athletes temporarily (before recovery) give up training, while ordinary people are unable to run or jump;
• Increase pain, apply a fixed bandage from the elastic bandage to the knee when giving up exercise altogether;
• Wear a bandage or bandage to secure the knee joint;
• It has bruises, causing traumatic coldness.

Rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, and systemic autoimmune diseases require serious integrated treatment and have been conducted for several months.The basic therapies consist of immunosuppressants, non-replacement anti-inflammatory and hormone drugs, gold preparations, etc.

Pain medications and anti-inflammatory drugs are used when treating cystitis.If an infection is detected, it is the process of antibiotics.Perform a therapeutic puncture of the bag to remove excess fluid from the synovial membrane and/or the introduction of one of the corticosteroids.This surgery helps get rid of the chronic inflammation of the brush - surgical removal of the slip bag.

As the osteoarthritis deforms, intra-articular injection of glucocorticoids and long-term intake of NSAID and cartilage protective agents are effective.To relieve pain syndrome, ointments and gels for compressing anti-inflammatory effects with dioxide or double chofit are locally prescribed.Massage, physiotherapy, and treatment of gymnastics are helpful.Severe lesions in the knee joint require surgical intervention - the main hypothesis in the joint.

The treatment of osteoporosis involves taking bisphosphonates, calcitonin, calcium preparations, vitamin D, etc.

Treatment of meniscus rupture may be conservative or surgical.Conservative treatments include analgesics, NSAIDs, hyaluronic acid, cartilage protectors.But first, joint repositioning is performed.

Types of surgical intervention:

• Half-month resection;
• partial (incomplete) menisctomy;
• Menis transplantation;
• Arthroscopy;
• Arthroscopic sutures of meniscus ruptured.

After treatment, the recovery period that should be carried out under the control of a rehabilitation scientist or an orthopedic surgeon is very important.Doctors will compile the best joint recovery plan.The main method of postoperative rehabilitation is massage and treatment of gymnastics.Courses on special simulators are also effective, gradually developing into knee joints.