Osteoarthritis of the knee – specific, it provides an effect to kill the hryaschik of the knee disease. When you experience the birth of this disease, the doctors observed serious violations-in the processes of circulation in bone in the blood, causing the deformation and destruction of cartilage tissue, the man feels strong, chilling his every movement, the feet, the knees pain, watch for swelling, and the change to his mind the knee.
What happens to the knee joint with osteoarthritis?
Articulate cartilage plays an important role in the process of movement of a person and represents a surface that is smooth, elastic and a sturdy seal, thanks to which the articulated bones to freely move with respect to one another, and also occurs depreciation and the distribution of the load when you walk.
But when an excessive physical exercise, and a genetic predisposition, metabolic in the body, long muscle cramps and injury, the cartilage loses its smoothness and starts to ... the vascularity decreases. Thinning of the cartilage leads to a reduction of the distance between the articulated bones of up to 80%. During the journey due to an abnormal friction and the lack of shock destructive processes in a joint increases, this quickly leads to the development of third degree of arthritis, with pronounced symptoms:
- Pain during motion, especially up or down the stairs.
- Pain and under load, and at rest, morning stiffness.
- The patient begins to limp, trying to save the municipality concerned.
- Severe cases-of the disease, forced to use crutches or a stick.
The third degree of osteoarthritis of the knee is characterized by the almost total absence of the cartilage, with a consequent reduction of the mobility of the joint to a minimum. So no arcane techniques, super medicines and ointments will not be able to recover consumed in the cartilage tissue, and in consideration of the degree of deformation of the bones, the normal function of the joint is not possible. In this case, can only help the surgery.
Phase of osteoarthritis
The main thing that determines the success of the therapy, is the degree of the disease, that is, the manifestation of destructive changes in the joints of the knee. As the progression of osteoarthritis distinguish the following stages or degrees:
- The initial phase, or 1 degree, often called the offset, as expressed clinical signs of malocclusion, not yet. The patient may feel discomfort in the knee after the exercise, which quickly disappears after the rest; the joints are still fully functional.
- With 2 degrees of osteoarthritis, subcompensated, the symptoms of the disease are amplified. Formed pronounced pain syndrome, which, however, is amputated of painkillers, ointments and gels used locally. Broken motor activity, appears to be instability of the joint. In the vast majority of cases the use of the patients to the doctors occurs during this phase.
- 3 degree, decompensated, it can also be called, and warping. The articulation of the knee twisted, stable, immobile, absolutely non-functional. Syndrome the constant pain and requires serious pharmacological intervention. To download the joint and move, a person needs a walking stick.
Depending on which phase the man asked for help, is developed by an expert on schema therapy. Unfortunately, people have resorted to a doctor in the majority of cases, when the knee pain does not go away after the usual dietary intake of analgesics or use of ointments.
The symptoms and the first signs of
Depending on the severity of the symptoms development of disease is divided into 3 phases. The symptoms of early development of knee osteoarthritis is very variable and has no specificity.
In the first phase of malocclusion may experience the following symptoms:
- the pain in the knee during the sit-up, walk to the stairs;
- the sensation of pain in the joint after a long period of loading or cooling;
- the knee may hurt at the end of the day or in the morning;
- stiffness and pain in the morning takes place after the daily work.
Following the onset of the symptoms, characteristic for the 2-and 3-phase (accumulation):
- the pain becomes acute and prolonged;
- swelling in the area of the joint;
- it is possible the appearance of the liquid in the joint;
- between the cartilage surfaces of possible violation of the particles of the cartilage of the meniscus, the villi in the synovial, in which there is a strong immobility (you can also switch abruptly);
- hard to step on the foot;
- develops immobility of the articulation.
The speed of development of processes of dystrophic and the degree of severity of the symptoms depends on the presence or absence of other traumatic factors. For example, stress or inflammatory processes in the body to accelerate the destructive process.
Diagnostics
For the diagnosis of knee osteoarthritis using:
- the blood analysis (the general and biochemistry);
- x-ray;
- the arthroscope;
- ULTRASOUND;
- The magnetic RESONANCE imaging.
The most important diagnostic method to confirm the diagnosis osteoarthritis osteoarthritis is the x-ray. Even if you take into account the early stages of the disease and the state of the cartilage tissue on the x-ray fails, however, the bony changes 2 and 3 phase are clearly visible. This:
- narrow joint crack;
- located along the contour of the bone, the edges of the places of interest such as the patella edge spikes – osteophytes;
- changes in the periosteum;
- change the height of one of the condyles, and others.
However, most of to examine in detail the changes, you can, using the arthroscope. With its help, you can determine the status of the cartilage, menisci, synovial membrane. Its less used because of the possibility of a strong trauma of the joint, as well as, in substance, this is a mini-operation, composed of different holes. Sometimes arthroscopy is used for the treatment of the knee (if you need to remove a piece of my broken cartilage or meniscus). Detect changes in the soft tissues of the knee, in the case of osteoarthritis helps to ULTRASOUND and magnetic RESONANCE imaging. These methods are also well indicate the state of the cartilage tissue, the synovial membrane and fluid.
PHYSIOTHERAPY and exercises with osteoarthritis
Exercise helps to restore joint function, and strengthen her. Run must be slowly and gently, so as not to cause distortion and does not exceed the carrying capacity.
The most effective are the following exercises:
- Slowly lift alternating legs straight, lying on his belly. In this exercise involved the muscles of the thigh and calf. We can not allow that, for the load when this move on the back. Lift the legs too high up, too, it's not worth it. Especially, straining the muscles in the upper part;
- This exercise is similar to the first, only now they raise the problem leg bent at the knee. In the upper part of the thigh muscle must be further straining. For each leg exercise, you must perform the same number of times;
- Lying on the floor (on your stomach), lift your leg upwards, and then raise the hand and land. For this exercise, you need strong muscles trained in print, so it is not suitable for all patients. Also, while running can increase the blood pressure. Patients who suffer from hypertension or other diseases of the cardiovascular system, it is best to relinquish it.
- To perform the next exercise you must lie down on your side, bend lying on the floor of the leg at the knee, and the other to slowly lift and hold at the highest point. It is important, for the angle when you perform on each leg was the same;
- For this exercise you need a chair. Sitting on it, legs alternately are straightened, climbing up to the top, and are delayed for as much time as possible in the adjusted position;
- Useful for climbing on tiptoe, holding in this case, for the backrest of a chair or bed. As during the execution of the other exercises, it is necessary to dwell at a high point for a few seconds, and also straining the muscles of the legs;
The doctor will be held in the office a couple of sessions will show you the basic techniques for the patient could massage the knee problem alone. The actions competent to improve the damaged area.
Physiotherapy treatment
We should not think that the physiotherapy activities refer to an afterthought, accessories, techniques, exposure to the affected joint. In the early stages of the disease physiotherapy gives a significant relief to the patient, takes away the pain, muscle spasm and accelerates the recovery of function of the knee. Also, some types of physiotherapy allow you to insert the drug through the skin, which leads to a reduction of the dose of the drug, accepted by the patient inside.
All of the methods draining of exposure can be divided into several groups:
- Reduce the pain;
- Reduce inflammation;
- By reducing the common power supply and accelerate the recovery of joint function.
What kind of impact is essential for the patient, the doctor can determine on the basis of symptoms and concomitant diseases.
The operation for osteoarthritis
The surgical treatment refers to drastic methods to partially or completely restoring the functioning of the knee joint. The surgical treatments are different from one another in the degree of intervention in the affected joint.
- Arthroscopy refers to the more gentle methods of surgical treatment. This technique has a small so the invasiveness of the and can be used as a healing agent activity, even in the early stages of osteoarthritis. Its main goal – to extend the life span of the damaged joint. He performs arthroscopy, an endoscope – flexible probe with a camera at the end. In the articulation of the knee, are made small holes, through which is introduced the endoscope and the instruments of support. In an operation to remove damaged areas of tissue, causing pain. The operation is more acceptable for men of a young age, and, if necessary, can be repeated several times.
- Arthroplasty is one of the more radical surgical techniques. When this happens, the full recovery of the joint function through the total knee replacement or part of the plant. This method is the best alternative to the previously existing technique – the fusion (complete immobilization of the injured joint). At the time arthroplasty is giving up to 90% of the results learned a lot from this and greatly increases the quality of life of the patients.
- Osteotomy applied in each case, when in the city have developed significant deformation, and joint function obvious suffering. Osteotomy involves the artificial creation of bone fracture in advance planned. In the following part of the bone correlate in the correct the physiological situation and allow them to grow together. At times during operations, can be used artificial fermi bone fragments, which contribute to make more sustainable the position of the bones.
Diet
As far as a special diet during the osteoarthritis, is, usually, often aim to reduce the weight of the patient, as well as in the vast majority of cases, the great weight contributes to overload of the joints. The diet includes the intake of food in small portions, about once every 3 hours. To reduce the weight in the daily diet should add lean meat (chicken, turkey, rabbit), and delete the fat (lamb, pork). Plant protein you should take of legumes. To comply with the diet in the diet must happen replacement refined for the crude oil, but also reduce the consumption of salt.
Therapeutic diet provides for the refusal or the minimum consumption of storage, smoked and fried food (to suppress appetite). To restore destroyed cartilage, it is necessary to provide the body with complex carbohydrates (cereals, products based on wheat flour). In the power supply should also be included fruit juices (carrots, beets, apples). Withdraws from the body toxins and reduce the impact of inflammatory processes.
In the diet must be present fish, and gelatin, which acts as a kind of cartilage, and helps create new cartilage. For this it is worth to remember that a diet should not be administered by only – the best option will be able to choose only the physician-nutritionist (an expert on diets).
Example of a menu:
- Breakfast: porridge of oatmeal in water without oil and without sugar, fruit juice, a hard boiled egg;
- Second breakfast: a glass of skimmed natural yogurt;
- Lunch: meat or fish, steamed, steamed vegetables, tea without sugar;
- Snack: ricotta casserole with walnuts, a glass of fruit juice;
- Dinner: vegetable salad, apple, tea without sugar;
- The second supper: a glass of low-fat yogurt.
Prevention
Take care of the joints, until a disease that is unpleasant, such as gonarthrosis, does it not bother you. When you identify the symptoms of a malocclusion, contact your doctor in the initial stage, while mobility, joint elasticity fabric, and are completely lost. The failure to treatment in the cases leads to visual impairment.
Avoid disease of the joints:
- measure the load on the foot when active sports activities;
- take a diet with the inclusion of products and dishes, contains calcium, magnesium, gelatin;
- if the job is tied up, move weights, keep the safety warnings do not carry loads of more-specific rule;
- regularly self-massage for the prevention of osteoarthritis, particularly, with a constant load, in feet;
- eat right, limit "bad" products;
- the control of body mass (overweight – an additional load on the joints);
- regularly to be interviewed, taking care of acute illness and chronic.
Attention to the health of the musculoskeletal system provides for activity at any age. The identification of gonartrosie to consult a doctor. The treatment of osteoarthritis in the home is a required element of the success of the treatment.
Forecast
As long as the diagnosis of osteoarthritis of the knee in the early stages, to eliminate the causes of the disease process and appropriate treatment the prognosis is favorable. Pursued therapy gives the possibility of obtaining a long-term remission, however, the treatment is usually for life. In the absence of adequate treatment, and even if it fails the sick, the prescriptions of the medical osteoarthritis of the knee becomes the cause of disability.